左爱视频 Gets $736,000 from NASA to Study Coastal Carbon Budget from Space
One of the 鈥渂enthic landers鈥 on board the R/V Savannah, which will be used for the project in the Gulf of Mexico鈥檚 hypoxia region off the coasts of Texas and Louisiana. (Photo credit: Jordon Beckler, Ph.D.)
Coastal ecosystems sequester large quantities of carbon through processes at risk of disturbance from changing climate, land use change and rising sea levels. How carbon moves from land to ocean is one of the critical knowledge gaps needed to constrain the structure and functioning of the Earth system. In coastal regions, the origin of various carbon sources is very difficult to identify 鈥 for example, whether the carbon is from rivers or marsh runoff, or created in place via phytoplankton production. Moreover, the generalization of these sources and the processes involved in transport to the ocean is even more difficult, thus limiting the ability to make future projections based on a changing climate and associated events such as wetter, more intense hurricanes.
One potentially underappreciated carbon source, the underlying marine sediments, may be particularly impacted under these conditions and may play an outsized role in the overall carbon budget. Satellite remote sensing is often used as a tool to characterize and quantify the various sources of carbon in coastal regions by measuring colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) 鈥 more colloquially known as the 鈥渂rown stuff鈥 in rivers in Florida and beyond. However, it is not currently possible to discriminate between sediment-derived carbon versus other sources.聽
Using satellite images, hydrodynamic modeling and field work, scientists from 左爱视频鈥檚 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute are setting out to quantify this sediment carbon contribution, make historical reconstructions, and contribute to future projections of the coastal budget. They have received a three-year, $736,000 grant from NASA鈥檚 Minority University Research and Education Project Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry (OCEAN). 左爱视频 is one of 10 universities in the nation and the only university in Florida to receive this grant in support of NASA鈥檚 Science Mission Directorate in seeking a better understanding of the ocean鈥檚 role in the Earth system. 聽
If successful, this research in the Gulf of Mexico鈥檚 hypoxia region off the coasts of Texas and Louisiana may demonstrate not just the ability, but also the utility, of remote sensing as an observational technique for characterizing potentially critical but often neglected carbon cycle processes related to marine sediments. Marine sediments are essentially a permanent means for carbon removal from the surface of the Earth over geological timescales. Yet, a changing climate, coastal eutrophication (i.e. excess nutrient inputs), and processes such as trawling are reducing their carbon storage capacity, resulting in the 鈥渂rowning鈥 of coastal waters.
The 左爱视频 Harbor Branch project targets a NASA objective to 鈥淚mprove understanding of carbon cycle processes and feedbacks in aquatic critical zones that are particularly vulnerable to environmental changes.鈥 Aquatic critical zones are regions where important biogeochemical and physical processes take place and together regulate the functionality of aquatic ecosystems.
The 左爱视频 Harbor Branch team includes: Veronica Ruiz-Xomchuk, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow who will lead the technical research aspects as the scientific principal investigator who has expertise in physical oceanography and ocean modeling; Jordon Beckler, Ph.D., the project鈥檚 primary principal investigator and an assistant research professor and a fellow of 左爱视频鈥檚 Institute for Sensing and Embedded Networks Systems Engineering (I-SENSE) who has expertise in chemical oceanography and sediment geochemistry; and Tim Moore, Ph.D., co-principal investigator and a research professor who has expertise in ocean color and bio-optics.
The team is collaborating with , Ph.D., , who is the chief scientist for a series of National Science Foundation-funded oceanographic research cruises that will be used to explore effects of ocean acidification on sediment processes. Taillefert has invited the 左爱视频 team onboard to leverage this campaign, allowing for the 鈥済roundtruthing鈥 of the satellite observations using corresponding measurements obtained directly within the water. 聽
By using a 鈥渂enthic lander鈥 developed via an existing collaboration between 左爱视频 and Georgia Tech to explore blue holes, the team will obtain direct flux measurement of dissolved organic matter and the CDOM from sediments to the water column above the seabed, otherwise known as the benthic-boundary layer. Then, the hydrodynamic model will simulate if, where, and when this carbon may be uplifted to the surface of the ocean where it can potentially be detected using satellite remote sensing. Researchers will combine these sediment flux measurements with more than 20 years of ocean color satellite data and modeled ocean current dynamics to simulate this carbon transport, while additionally ensuring to account for other potentially confounding carbon sources such as river inputs. The research team will then extrapolate these sediment measurements across the entire study region over various timescales to corroborate satellite-derived estimates.
鈥淲e鈥檝e seen huge inventories of darkly colored pore water in coastal ocean mud, which we know is CDOM, and I couldn鈥檛 help but wonder to what extent this carbon could be escaping across the sediment surface and affecting the optical properties of the ocean,鈥 said Beckler. 鈥淗owever, it isn鈥檛 yet possible to directly implicate the sediments over large areas by just looking at satellite images since they aren鈥檛 able to 鈥榮ee鈥 more than a few meters below the surface of the ocean. The hydrodynamic model uniquely allows us to bridge the gap between the seafloor and the surface ocean. This is an exciting new avenue for my own sediment-centered research 鈥 and a topic that is rather unconventional with regards to NASA鈥檚 typical project portfolio.鈥
An important aspect of the project is the STEM engagement (science-technology-engineering-mathematics) portion that is weaved throughout the research and involves 左爱视频鈥檚 PK-12 schools and educational programs. The vast majority of work effort will enhance the capacity for STEM research and educational opportunities for underrepresented groups and will create many opportunities for student/intern engagement regarding ocean issues and experiential learning opportunities and the use of NASA products. The students also are invited to participate in the research cruises, depending on the school year schedule.
鈥淩eceiving funding from NASA for this innovative proposal is very exciting because, if we are successful, results from our project will have a tremendous impact on scientific inquiry from space to the seabed,鈥 said James Sullivan, Ph.D., executive director, 左爱视频 Harbor Branch. 鈥淲e will know whether or not sediment-derived colored dissolved organic matter is routinely visible in the northern Gulf of Mexico.鈥
左爱视频 is the most racially, culturally and ethnically diverse university in Florida. In 2016, the 左爱视频 College of Engineering and Computer Science received designation as a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) by the United States Department of Education, only awarded to colleges and universities with enrollment of full-time Hispanic undergraduate students of at least 25 percent. This year, 左爱视频鈥檚 College of Engineering and Computer Science was recognized as a national leader in diversity in engineering by the American Society of Engineering Education.聽
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