左爱视频

Teens with Autism Can Master Living Skills When Parents Use iPads

Autism Spectrum Disorder, iPad, Technology, Adolescents, Interventions, Parents, Daily Living Skills, Independence, Videos, Video Prompting

From left: Johnathon DiFusco, a teenager in the study; Elisa Cruz-Torres, Ed.D., in the Department of Exceptional Student Education in 左爱视频鈥檚 College of Education; and Susan Freeman, Jonathon鈥檚 mother, practicing at home using an iPad. (Photo credit: Teresa Crane)


By gisele galoustian | 10/29/2019

As adults, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be highly dependent on family members or assistance programs for their day-to-day living needs. It has been reported that following high school and up to eight years after, only 17 percent of adults with ASD live independently. Developing skills like cooking, getting dressed and cleaning are essential to promoting autonomy and self-determination and improving quality of life. For some individuals with ASD, completing daily tasks can be challenging because they often involve sequential steps.

Research has shown that people with ASD are strong visual learners. With technological advances, devices such as smart phones and tablets have become more portable and ultimately, accessible to caregivers. However, few studies have examined whether parents can learn to effectively deliver evidence-based practices using portable, mainstream devices like an iPad.

Researchers from 左爱视频 and collaborators conducted a small, novel study to examine whether video prompting interventions using an iPad could be effective in increasing parents鈥 competence and confidence to use mobile devices to interact with their adolescent children with ASD. The objective was to evaluate the effects of behavior skills training with follow-along coaching to instruct parents to deliver video prompting with an iPad to teach daily living skills to their children. What makes this study unique is that parents of adolescents were coached and learned to use an iPad in their own homes. While other studies have been successful in teaching parents to implement evidence-based practices, they largely targeted parents of young children.

For the study, published in the , researchers targeted parents of adolescents with ASD who would be transitioning into adulthood in the near future and who needed to cultivate independent living skills to decrease dependency on others, while improving self-esteem and confidence. Each child, between the ages of 12 and 17 years old, had to complete a skill selected by the parents: make a bed, cook pasta or tie shoelaces. Parents received guidance on using an iPad and implementing the intervention. They learned how to guide their child to watch the instructional video, imitate what they viewed, and then provide appropriate feedback.

Depending on the outcome, parents were asked to provide praise, correct the errors or demonstrate the step themselves if the child made two or more consecutive errors on the same task step. Lead researcher of the study , Ed.D., in the Department of Exceptional Student Education in 左爱视频鈥檚 College of Education, visited families鈥 homes three times a week for one hour for each family鈥檚 intervention, which lasted between five to seven weeks.

Results of the study showed that all of the children substantially improved correct and independent completion of their daily living skills, which validates that video prompting procedures are effective in ameliorating skill deficits.

While parents were successful in implementing the聽video prompting preparation and procedures, they were inconsistent with the consequence strategies such as social praise and error correction. None-the-less, the children still mastered their skills and maintained the skill three weeks after the end of the intervention.

鈥淥ur findings show that video prompting interventions produced both immediate and lasting effects for children with autism spectrum disorder and that parents can be powerful delivery agents to increase independence in their children,鈥 said Cruz-Torres. 鈥淲hile it is desirable that parents follow steps exactly, we learned that even with slight variations in parent delivery, the teens still mastered the intended skills.鈥

Data from this study also revealed that none of the children required more than 17 interventions to reach mastery criteria. In addition, this study draws attention to the importance of evidence-based practices for families of older children with ASD.

鈥淣ow, when I鈥檓 working with my son to learn a new skill or even talk about a new skill, because of this study I have learned to break it down into smaller pieces rather than asking him to do the whole thing. We use this concept for other things like doing laundry. I鈥檝e also learned that he is very responsive to praise,鈥 said Susan Freeman, a parent in the study. 鈥淛ohn is a very visual learner so being able to see what each step should look like enables him to complete the task. He鈥檚 still making his bed and we鈥檙e working on changing the sheets, which is a new skill. I don鈥檛 have to make his bed anymore.鈥

Freeman鈥檚 son Johnathon 鈥淛ohn鈥 DiFusco also is pleased with this instructional method, which makes him feel good about himself as well as proud.

鈥淣ow, I can be on time for school and I also know how to vacuum,鈥 said DiFusco. 聽

Co-authors of the study are Mary Louise Duffy, Ph.D., a retired professor; Michael P. Brady, Ph.D., a professor and chair; and Peggy Goldstein, Ed.D.; an associate professor, all within 左爱视频鈥檚 Department of Exceptional Student Education; and , Ed.D., associate professor, Department of Teaching and Learning, .

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